Metal Phosphides and Sulfides in Heterogeneous Catalysis: Electronic and Geometric Effects

The efficiency of a heterogeneous catalyst depends on the nature and number catalytically active sites, but these are often inhomogeneous. One possible solution is to construct site-isolated catalysts in which most, if not all, sites structurally uniform well-defined. Metal phosphides sulfides form with distinct crystal structures based range component stoichiometries. Hence, incorporating components (i.e., metal) into this structure can regulate geometric arrangements more reproducible manner where nonmetal atoms act as spacers around metal create isolated sites. A d-metal/p-block element strategy provide several advantages compared other methods generate discrete including convenient synthesis, good process economics, improved stability. Interestingly, systems still show typical traits associated opens up many catalytic applications. This Review presents interesting synthesis for preparing aims draw links between structure/electronic properties enhanced performance activity, selectivity, stability) both petrochemical fine chemical processes. With precise knowledge phosphide sulfide structures/active we envision development practically useful from powder formulations industrial type pellets. It should, however, be noted that materials without additional complexities. For example, have complex surface chemistry operating environment induce structural evolution. These factors also need carefully considered.